Which validation technique involves two programmers working independently to reproduce the same output?

The chosen answer describes a validation technique where two programmers independently work on the same programming task and aim to achieve the same results. This approach, known as Independent Programming, is valuable in clinical trials to ensure accuracy and reliability in data analysis. By having two separate programmers produce the same output, discrepancies can be identified and addressed, enhancing the trustworthiness of the results.

Cross Validation, on the other hand, is typically associated with statistical modeling and machine learning, where data is split into subsets to validate model performance rather than comparing outputs from two programmers. Data Auditing pertains to a comprehensive review of data for accuracy and integrity, focusing on the validity of data rather than the programming outputs, while Code Review involves one programmer evaluating another's code for quality and correctness but does not involve two programmers working independently to generate the same output. Hence, Independent Programming is the correct choice for the scenario described.